SPAIN

Party: Vox 

Leader: Santiago Abascal

Type Leader: Abascal is viewed as a fiery, charismatic populist leader by supporters, one who reveres traditional Catholic Spanish values while rejecting the identity and separatism of Catalan and Basque nationalisms. Abascal is seen as a hardline Catholic and arch-conservative populist who staunchly opposes liberal social ideologies, including "political correctness.” Critics accuse him of xenophobia and divisionism.

% National Vote: In the September 2019 election, Vox gained success, winning 15.1% of the popular vote. In the July 2023 Spanish general election, Vox received 12.4% of the vote, gaining 33 of 350 seats in the national parliament. 

European Parliament: In the 2024 European legislative elections, Vox took 9.6% of the vote, for 6 out of 61 Spanish seats. Vox is a member of the new Patriots for Europe coalition of far-right EU parties.